FECAL-ORAL

Consumption of food or water contaminated with feces from an infected individual or chronic carrier.

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21 MILLION CASES WORLDWIDE ANNUALLY (ESTIMATED).

Several studies have identified travelling children, those visiting friends and relatives, achlorhydria or use of acid suppression therapy, and longer duration of travel associated typhoid.

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SYMPTOMS

Fever, fatigue, headache, abdominal pain, constipation or diarrhea (depending on age)

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SEVERE CASE:

Brain dysfunction, deirium, intestinal perforation, death.

The case-fatality ratio is approximately 10% for untreated cases in low income setting and less than 1% for patients receiving care in high income countries.

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Precautions against typhoid fever, including good hygiene measures, safe eating and drinking habits and vaccination, should be considered:

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• Eat foods that have been thoroughly cooked and that are still hot.
• Avoid raw/undercooked meat, seafood, salads and uncooked fruit or vegetables that cannot be peeled.
• Frequent hand washing.

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